Nelson Mandela - Long Walk to Freedom Analysis Essay

Long Walk to Violence The path that lead Nelson Mandela to violence and the effects of his decision Aside from his loose Communist ties, Nelson Mandela’s use of violence was the only internationally questioned aspect of his struggle for freedom in South Africa. Most modern societies, Americans in particular, view acts of violence as inherently evil. They look to leaders such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King who brought change through nonviolent protest. However, the governments these leaders fought against had rights for citizens and thus the government did not outright murder the protestors. Nelson Mandela performed nonviolent protests for a decade in South Africa while the government violently attacked and killed his protestors.†¦show more content†¦Then the 1946 mineworkers strike showed Mandela the ruthlessness of his government when the police killed 12 miners and arrested leaders to prevent a march. The final event in 1946 that greatly shaped Mandela’s politics was the overwhelming reaction of South African Indians to the Asiatic Land Tenure Act. The Asiatic Land Tenure Act limited the movement of Indians and the areas in which they could live. Through massive marches and boycotts, the Indian population demonstrated resistance on a new scale. Mandela noted that, â€Å"They reminded us that the freedom struggle was not merely a question of making speeches, holding meetings, passing resolutions, and sending deputations, but of meticulous organization, militant mass action, and, above all, the willingness to suffer and sacrifice† (Mandela, 104). For the next decade, Mandela would model his protests after this Gandhian style of passive and nonviolent resistance. However, for the rest of his life he would maintain their meticulous organization and militant mass action. The government met the nonviolent campaign of Mandela and the ANC with ruthless violence, arrests, and new legislation. The victory of the National Party in 1949 stripped theShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Nelson Mandelas Inaugural Speech935 Words   |   4 PagesSpeech Analysis Assignment Nelson Mandela’s Inaugural Speech Nelson Mandela was elected as South Africa’s first Black President in the country’s first ever multi-racial democratic election on May 10th, 1994. His inaugural address in Pretoria holds historical significance because of the beginning of a new era in the history of South Africa. Mandela became a symbol of freedom and equality through this speech, while making a historical impact throughout the world. He promoted the reconcilement planRead MoreNelson Mandelas Leadership4907 Words   |  20 PagesMANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TITLE PAGE CAUCASUS UNIVERSITY CAUCASUS SCHOOL OF BUSINESS COURSE TITLE: Developing effective leadership skills COURSE CODE: MGS-3211 INSTRUCTOR: Dara Ahmed GROUP PRESENTATION: N1 PRESENTATION TITLE: NELSON MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP GROUP MEMBERS: Tamar Geladze DATE: 6th of June, 2012 12 Page 2 NELOSN MANDELA’S LEADERSHIP June 6, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE...........................................................................Read MoreOutline Of Nelson Mandela s Legacy2404 Words   |  10 PagesNelson Mandela 2 2 Nelson Mandela Hallmark Assessment Task: Nelson Mandela Jackie D. McDowell University of Louisville Dr. Carpenter, Bradley ELFH 490-91 May 15, 2015 Hallmark Assessment Task: Nelson Mandela Introduction Nelson Mandela is one of the most iconic leaders of the 20th century. 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At last we will conclude the communication skills and styles that are required to become a successful leader or businessman. For doing this analysis, I will refer to various videos of their speeches, articles, blogs, etc. Selected Famous Person: †¢ From List A: Nelson Mandela (South Africa) Nelson Mandela was a great revolutionary, freedom fighter and politician born on 18th July, 1918 in Eastern Cape of South Africa. He was a young student of law when he opposes the injustice done by whiteRead MoreA Role Model Leadership, Nelson Mandela7546 Words   |  31 PagesNELSON MANDELA I choose Nelson Mandela as my role model leader. I analyzed Mandela’s leadership style and found his eight leadership best practices which I think every leader must learn and put into practice to become a real leader. Many of them come directly from his personal experiences and all of them are calibrated to cause the best kind of trouble; the trouble that forces us to ask how we can make the world a better place. Nelson Mandela’ s 8 leadership best practices and explanation whyRead MoreAnalysis of South Africa Through Two Films: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, and Totsi2894 Words   |  12 Pages Analysis Synthesis of South Africa Based on the 1995 written autobiographical account of Mandela’s own life, Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom serves as an inspirational biopic. Filmed on location in South Africa, the film focuses most of its time on Mandela’s early life and transition into adulthood, while dedicating only a small portion to Mandela’s life and political achievements after imprisonment. Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom can be divided into three parts: Mandela’s early life and comingRead MoreCca Written Report South Africa (Demensions of Geert Hofstede)5835 Words   |  24 Pageschoice to present the five dimensions of this country. South Africa has a big history and well known in other countries. For example, the separation between Black and White Which the nationalist introduced in 1948 and called the Apartheid. After Nelson Mandela stood up for the equal rights between Black and White in South Africa. There came an end of this ridiculous law. Besides South Africa is also well known by his HIV and rape percentage of their inhabitants. Which is for HIV some over 10% and 1Read MoreBargaining With The Devil7657 Words   |  31 Pages The Web site for this book is at www.BargainingWithThe Devil.com. SUMMARIES.COM is a concentrated business information service. Every week, subscribers are e-mailed a concise summary of a different business book. Each summary is about 8 pages long and contains the stripped-down essential ideas from the entire book in a time-saving format. By investing less than one hour per week in these summaries, subscribers gain a working knowledge of the top business titles. Subscriptions are availableRead MoreThe Government Regulation Of Tobacco And Alcohol Sales And Supply1848 Words   |  8 Pagesgovernments Indigenous Chronic Disease Package which aims to manage chronic diseases that effect Indigenous Australians. (AIWH 2014) Another health policy is regulatory, which provides limitations on how specific groups act, some groups are allowed more freedom while others can be more restricted. (Palmer, Short 2014) For example, the state government regulation of tobacco and alcohol sales and supply. (AIHW 2014) While in pursuit of credibility and self promotion, organisations can develop a self regulation

Analysis Of The Poem Civil Peace - 2282 Words

The prefix â€Å"post† in â€Å"post colonial literature† does not refer to time â€Å"after† colonialism, but to â€Å"place†, that is to say, places away from the metropolis, seen as marginal and that have been suffering the process of imperialism; after all, â€Å"it is not because the viceroy packed up and went back to Europe does not mean that things changed all that much in the so called post- colonial setting† (2012, p. 285). Civil Peace Civil peace is a story based during the post- Nigerian Civil war. It begins a day or so after peace has been attained. The city that Johnathan the narrator of the story lives in is in a â€Å"every man for himself† situation. They oversee finding money, food, and a place to live for them and the family that they have remaining. Johnathan was one of the most positive characters of all the stories I’ve read on post- colonization in times when other men were falling as victim and felt defeated Johnathan became a survivor. He seems as though he must stay positive for his family and his children He had come out of the war with five immeasurable blessings--his head, his wife Maria s head and the heads of three out of their four children. (653) . Although he does reveal that he had lost a son to the horrendous war, He shows and immense amount of strength and diligence as he re-builds himself and his family. This all-in turn seems as though it is the best and only way to go abo ut this renaissance of his environment. He has found his home still stand despite all theShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Essay examples842 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Rhetorical Analysis Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† and Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† are two inspirational pieces of art that fall under two different types of discourses. The â€Å"Second Inaugural Address,† is a great example and definition of what Rhetoric is. It encompasses all four resources of languages- argument, appeal, arrangement, and artistic devices. â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† doesn’t cover the four resources of language that apply to rhetoric; therefore, itRead MoreLiterary And Non Literary Works1721 Words   |  7 PagesMusic Keep Holding On By: Avril Lavigne, 2007 Film Patch Adams, 1998 The Brave and Startling Truth This poem was written by Maya Angelou in 1995 Summary In this poem that paints a picture of how it can be when the fight is over. When we lower our weapons and stop reaching for them and look at the outcome of the fight. This poem is telling us to stop looking at war but to look at the peace that we can have and brings us hope. Maya Angelou Maya Angelou wrote book on different subjects throughoutRead More Essay on Whitman’s Bivouac on a Mountain Side1156 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of Whitman’s Bivouac on a Mountain Sidenbsp;nbsp; nbsp; First published after the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, Walt Whitman’s poem â€Å"Bivouac on a Mountain Side† portrays more than just the tangible picture of a transcendentalist’s vision. The mood of the poem reflects the author’s observations and visions of the Civil War while stationed in Washington and Virginia as well as his beliefs about the war by use of imagery and symbolism. nbsp; The use of imagery in â€Å"BivouacRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem For The Union Dead 1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem â€Å"For the Union dead† by Robert Lowell is one of the writings whose title is exquisitely regarded. Commencing as a private meditation of his childhood the poet flashbacks on the commitment of Colonel Robert Shaw a union officer who was assassinated during the battalion of the black soldiers during the time of the civil war. Altering from the historical ancient and modern analysis, the poet is depicted lamenting that the heroic nature in the Contemporary America has been eroded. The contemplationRead MoreAnalysis: Ballad of Birmingham820 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis: Ballad of Birmingham In Ballad of Birmingham, Dudley Randall illustrates a conflict between a child who wishes to march for civil rights and a mother who wishes only to protect her child. Much of this poem is read as dialogue between a mother and a child, a style which gives it an intimate tone and provides insight to the feelings of the characters. Throughout the poem the child is eager to go into Birmingham and march for freedom with the people there. The mother, on the otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Message From Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas1234 Words   |  5 PagesAn analysis of 1 message from Mirror, Courage, Explore, Douglas â€Å"Live life to the fullest because you only get to live once.† Life is full of ups and downs and it will not always be perfect but if you live life great and look at it optimistically then it will be great. Life goes fast and is some moments of it you blink and the memory is gone. We need to look at life like it is great and easy. Take high school for example as you live in it, it is horrible and sucks but if you ask other people theyRead MoreThe Wild West: an Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine†1546 Words   |  7 Pagescivilized East to the unsettled West. (Clementine vs. Chihuahua is relevant here.) The Wild West: An Analysis of Post-Civil War Tension in John Ford’s â€Å"My Darling Clementine† Following the end of the United States’ Civil War, new territories had becomes states, notably what is now known as the West. The West, iconized by its Cowboys, gunfights, and horses in the years that followed the Civil War, made its way to the silver screen as one of the first genres of movies to be produced. The genreRead MoreAnalysis Of Paul Laurence Dunbar s The Elevator Boy Poet 1654 Words   |  7 Pagesas a hustle. Dunbar sold poems in the elevator for one dollar, to help cover publishing fees. Soon after Dunbar moved to Chicago, where he befriended Fredrick Douglass. This is where his hard work begins to pay off. Dunbar and his work were mentioned in major magazines and newspapers. By 1896 Dunbar had published his third collection, but first professionally published volume, Lyrics of Lowly Life. In this volume Dunbar wrote a poem called, â€Å"We Wear the Mask.† In the poem, â€Å"We Wear the Mask†, liesRead MoreDover Beach and Farenheit 4511461 Words   |  6 Pagesclassic poem, Dover Beach, written by Matthew Arnold, is a statement about losing faith as a result of enlightenment. In an emotionally charged scene in Ray Bradbury’s novel, Fahrenheit 451, fireman Guy Montag reads the poem aloud to his wife and her friends. Bradbury could have chosen any piece of literature for Montag to read as a means of unveiling his collection of hoarded books and his newfound interest in reading them. Bradbury uses this particular piece because the speaker in the poem is expressingRead MoreAnalysis Of Auden s The Unknown Citizen, And Funeral Blues All By Auden2119 Words   |  9 Pa gesbecame a leading spokesman of his generation, a political writer who warned against dangers that are caused by totalitarianism. His socialism and distrust of nationalism during this period was strong, influenced mostly by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, but his social views were always more complex labels that were given to him. Three works of Auden that can be analysed are â€Å"September 1, 1939†, â€Å"The Unknown Citizen†, and â€Å"Funeral Blues† all by Auden all share ideas of totalitarianism and death

Unique Analysis of Oedipus Rex Essay Example For Students

Unique Analysis of Oedipus Rex Essay Oedipus Rex, by Socrates, is a play that shows the fault of men and the ultimate power of the gods. Throughout the play, the main character, Oedipus, continually failed to recognize the fault in human condition, and these failures let to his ultimate demise. Oedipus failed to realize that he, himself was the true answer to the riddle of the Sphinx. Oedipus ignored the truth told to him by the oracles and the drunk at the party, also. These attempts to get around his fate which was determined by the gods was his biggest mistake. Oedipus was filled with hubris and this angered the gods. He believed he was more that a man. These beliefs cause him to ignore the limits he had in being a man. Oedipus needed to look at Teiresias as his window to his future. Oedipus believed that he could take on the Sphinx and rid Thebes of the plague. The plague was the gods example of the fault in human condition. Children and mothers were dying and the world was at war with itself. The plague showed that the mortality of being human is a death sentence. The riddle of the Sphinx defines human limits. The first stage is that of a baby, the second is when you are your strongest, and the third stage is when you are old an dying, and there is no way to avoid this cycle. Oedipus fails to recognize the third stage of the riddle in himself even though it is staring him in the face in the form of Teiresias. Throughout the play, Oedipus is faced with the truth and fails to acknowledge it. He is first told by the drunk at the party, but he dismisses it as just something said by an ignorant drunk. He then visits the oracle and is told his fate determined by the gods and believes he can escape it by fleeing to Thebes. On his way he carries out the first part of the fate by killing his father. He then makes it to Thebes and marries Jocasta, unknowingly fulfilling the fate. Teiresias finally tells Oedipus the horrible truth, but Oedipus calls him a liar and fails to recognize the truth again. When Oedipus finally figures that what the oracle, drunk, and Teiresias was all true, he cannot handle it and blinds himself while Jocasta kills herself. Oedipus believes he can surpass that of what any man had ever achieved. He believed that he had conquered the Sphinx and solved the riddle. He believes he is the greatest of all Thebans and can make all the mysteries of the people of Thebes plain. He prides himself as the seeker of truth and will not stray from his mission of finding truth. Oedipus does not understand the chorus cries for the wisdom of the modest life as his hubris grows and grows and continues to anger the gods. He is quick to recognize the faults and limits of all the people of Thebes but does not understand that he too, contains the same flaws. The riddle which he believes he solves, he never truly understands. He doesnt know himself and does not recognize that the truth can sometimes bring terror and that there are some truths which are not meant to be known. Oedipus is the example that Socrates made for all people who fail to recognize their limits as human beings. Oedipus goes throughout the whole story believing that he is the greatest of all men and the solver of the riddle and savior of Thebes. Throughout the play he believes he escaping his fate but plays right into the gods hands. His continues to climb the ladder of humanity until he is finally dropped from it by the gods in the revealing of the truth.

The Scarlet Letter The Use Of Hester free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter: The Use Of Hester Essay, Research Paper In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne makes Hester Prynne the cardinal figure in the narrative much like Susanna Rowson does with Charlotte in Charlotte Temple. The secret plans of the books are centered on these adult females ; the plot lines on occasion move elsewhere to inform the reader of the occurrences of other characters, but ever returns to their several female supporter. The writers? usage of their prima ladies differs when supplying a subject, however.Susanna Rowson uses Charlotte Temple as an illustration for the reader. By taking the reader on a journey through Charlotte? s life of ageless wretchedness, Rowson? s storyteller is able to indicate out where Charlotte makes hapless determinations. With the reader now cognizant of the misdirected picks of Charlotte, the storyteller warns the reader that any immature miss could stop up in the same type of quandary. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter The Use Of Hester or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She so teaches the immature female reader how she should respond in a similar state of affairs and the? sober matron? reader how to forestall such a quandary from go oning to her girl. In drumhead, Charlotte Temple? s actions are used to straight learn the subject as Rowson wishes.Nathaniel Hawthorne uses his chief character in a wholly different manner. It is common for a reader of The Scarlet Letter to find that the subject of the narrative is that criminal conversation is bad, but that is non the instance. Hawthorne is non promoting criminal conversation ; that is true: As Darrel Abel provinces in his essay, ? Hawthorne? s Hester, ? ? Although we are expected to love and commiseration Hester, we are non invited to excuse her mistake or to interpret it as a virtuousness. ? 1 Hester Prynne and her lecherous wickedness are Hawthorne? s means of conveying a different message ; Hawthorne is more interested in bring outing the defects of puritan society and the lip service of their rea ctions to Hester. The character of Hester Prynne is created as to work these defects indirectly.The Puritan civilization is one that recognizes Protestantism, a religious order of Christianity. Though a basic of Christianity is forgiveness for one? s wickednesss, this has long been forgotten amongst the adult females of Boston: ? Morally, every bit good as materially, there was a coarser fiber in those married womans and maidens of old English birth and genteelness, than in their just decendants. ? 2 When Hester is foremost brought out of her prison cell, the dish the dirting goodwives recommend much harsher penalties, from a trade name on her brow to decease. Hester, who had done small incorrect prior to this wickedness of criminal conversation, is no longer seen as a human being, but simply as a symbol of evil and shame upon the town. The Puritans, one of the most devoted groups of bible bookmans, bury one of Jesus? most celebrated of quotation marks, ? He that is without wickedne ss among you, allow him foremost cast a rock at her. ? The adult females forget to look inside themselves before they cast their sentiments upon Hester. It is non these people? s right to find Hester? s penalty, non the adult females? s nor the magistrates? ; such a right is reserved merely for God.When the ordeal at the market-place eventually ends, Hawthorne reverses the functions as Hester is the lone individual in town without wickedness while the townsfolk are conceited and holier-than-thou. Hester continues her life, ostracized on the outskirts of town. She is evidently penitent, as she chooses to stay in Boston, even when she is free to travel elsewhere and get down her life anew. ? Here? had been the scene of her guilt, and here should be the scene of her earthly penalty ; and so, pe rchance, the torture of her daily shame would at length purge her soul, and work out another purity than that which she had lost; more saint-like because the result of martyrdom? (SL 57). She has become a modest woman, seeking ?not to acquire any thing beyond a subsistence, of the plainest and most ascetic description? (SL 58). Hester takes up the occupation of seamstress, a job that, as shown by the golden embroidery around the scarlet letter, suits her well. Her creations become the fashion of the town: ?Her needle-work was seen on the ruff of the Governor; military men wore it on their scarfs, and the minister on his band; it decked the baby?s little cap; it was shut up, to be mildewed and moulder away, in the coffins of the dead. But it is not recorded that, in a single instance, her skill was called in aid to embroider the white veil which was to cover the pure blushes of a bride. The exception indicated the ever relentless vigor with which society frowned upon her sin? (SL 58 ). The preceding quotation is important to understanding Hawthorne?s opinion of Puritanism. These ?morally perfect? people are committing the sin of vanity without a second thought, and their hypocrisy shines through, as they have no problem wearing anything of Hester?s creation except for a wedding veil. With this in mind, Hester now appears to be the only wholly pious person in town. She spends her free-time making clothes for the poor as a form of penance, rejecting the joy she gains from her needlework as a sin, but even the needy who receive the gifts of Hester Prynne ?often reviled the hand that was stretched forth to succor them? (SL 59).Years later, this negative treatment of Hester no longer takes place. She is well respected by the townspeople for her philanthropic and virtuous ways: ?Her breast, with its badge of shame, was but the softer pillow for the head that needed one? (SL 110). People began to interpret her scarlet A as Able, rather than by its initial meaning. Hes ter refuses to embrace this new opinion of her, however; she performs these benevolent acts and then leaves, refusing to accept any form of gratitude.The conclusion of the townspeople?s arrogant attitudes towards her allows Hawthorne to put Hester to a new task. Her thematic job, as provided by Hawthorne, of revealing the hypocrisy of the Puritans is finished; her new role is that of a secondary character. She is used to aid in showing the allegorical significance of the actions of Pearl, Chillingsworth, and most importantly, Reverend Dimmesdale. Hester Prynne is never truly the theme?s center of attention like Charlotte Temple is; she simply helps to promote Hawthorne?s arguments about Puritanism and metaphorical ideas about the other characters. Therefore, it is never of great importance how Hester should turn out in the conclusion; it is merely for the benefit of the reader?s interest that she becomes a friendly ear to the women of Boston in the end. Hawthorne does use her to imp art his final words of wisdom though: ?at some brighter period, when the world should have grown ripe for it, in Heaven?s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness? (SL 177). Also, the narrator leaves a final unanswerable question amidst the words of Hester ? was she herself actually the destined prophetess, ?lofty, pure, and beautiful; and wise? (SL 177) that Hester had envisioned?

Prehistoric Life During the Miocene Epoch

Prehistoric Life During the Miocene Epoch The Miocene epoch marks the stretch of geologic time when prehistoric life (with some notable exceptions in South America and Australia) substantially resembled the flora and fauna of recent history, due in part to the long-term cooling of the earths climate. The Miocene was the first epoch of the Neogene period (23-2.5 million years ago), followed by the much shorter Pliocene epoch (5-2.6 million years ago); both the Neogene and Miocene are themselves subdivisions of the Cenozoic Era (65 million years ago to the present). Climate and Geography As during the preceding Eocene and Oligocene epochs, the Miocene epoch witnessed a continuing cooling trend in the earths climate, as global weather and temperature conditions approached their modern patterns. All of the continents had long since separated, though the Mediterranean Sea remained dry for millions of years (effectively joining Africa and Eurasia) and South America was still completely cut off from North America. The most significant geographic event of the Miocene epoch was the slow collision of the Indian subcontinent with the underside of Eurasia, causing the gradual formation of the Himalayan mountain range. Terrestrial Life During the Miocene Epoch Mammals. There were a few notable trends in mammalian evolution during the Miocene epoch. The prehistoric horses of North America took advantage of the spread of open grasslands and began to evolve toward their modern form; transitional genera included Hypohippus, Merychippus and Hipparion (oddly enough, Miohippus, the Miocene horse, actually lived during the Oligocene epoch!) At the same time, various animal groups - including prehistoric dogs, camels, and deer - became well-established, to the point that a time traveler to the Miocene epoch, encountering a proto-canine like Tomarctus, would immediately recognize what type of mammal she was dealing with. Perhaps most significantly, from the perspective of modern humans, the Miocene epoch was the golden age of apes and hominids. These prehistoric primates mostly lived in Africa and Eurasia, and included such important transitional genera as Gigantopithecus, Dryopithecus, and Sivapithecus. Unfortunately, apes and hominids (which walked with a more upright posture) were so thick on the ground during the Miocene epoch that paleontologists have yet to sort out their exact evolutionary relationships, both to each other and to modern Homo sapiens. Birds. Some truly enormous flying birds lived during the Miocene epoch, including the South American Argentavis (which had a wingspan of 25 feet and may have weighed as much as 200 pounds); the slightly smaller (only 75 pounds!) Pelagornis, which had a worldwide distribution; and the 50-pound, sea-going Osteodontornis of North America and Eurasia. All of the other modern bird families had pretty much been established by this time, although various genera were a bit larger than you might expect (penguins being the most notable examples). Reptiles. Although snakes, turtles, and lizards continued to diversify, the Miocene epoch was most notable for its gigantic crocodiles, which were nearly as impressive as the plus-sized genera of the Cretaceous period. Among the most important examples were Purussaurus, a South American caiman, Quinkana, an Australian crocodile, and the Indian Rhamphosuchus, which may have weighed as much as two or three tons. Marine Life During the Miocene Epoch Pinnipeds (the mammalian family that includes seals and walruses) first came into prominence at the end of the Oligocene epoch, and prehistoric genera like Potamotherium and Enaliarctos went on to colonize the rivers of the Miocene. Prehistoric whales - including the gigantic, carnivorous sperm whale ancestor Leviathan and the sleek, gray cetacean Cetotherium - could be found in oceans worldwide, alongside enormous prehistoric sharks like the 50-ton Megalodon. The oceans of the Miocene epoch were also home to one of the first identified forebears of modern dolphins, Eurhinodelphis. Plant Life During the Miocene Epoch As mentioned above, grasses continued to run wild during the Miocene epoch, especially in North America, clearing the way for the evolution of fleet-footed horses and deer, as well as more stolid, cud-chewing ruminants. The appearance of new, tougher grasses toward the later Miocene may have been responsible for the sudden disappearance of many megafauna mammals, which were unable to extract sufficient nutrition from their favorite menu item.

Intention Plus Action Will Get Your Resolutions Fulfilled

Intention Plus Action Will Get Your Resolutions Fulfilled â€Å"Intention† is a big buzzword nowadays. In my leadership group, one woman in particular uses the word in almost every one of her communications. Sometimes I find myself responding: â€Å"I get your intention. And what ACTION are you going to take on that intention?† Intention is important and can be a huge motivator. But without action to follow it up, intention is just a nice thought. Telling my friend I intend to spend more time with her this year is actually hurtful if I don’t do it. Telling myself I intend to lose 5 pounds won’t get me far if I eat a box of cookies every day. As entrepreneur and author John Maxwell says in a recent interview about his book Intentional Living: Choosing a Life That Matters, â€Å"No one has ever been successful with good intentions alone. There has to be action.† I set out in 2015 with an intention to accomplish many things- my new year’s â€Å"Ressaylutions.† Here’s the list and how I did: Roll out a new â€Å"responsive† (mobile-friendly) website.†¨ Goal achieved! TheEssayExpert.com has launched in its new form and is mobile-friendly! I have a new home page as well which launched just last week and is almost the way I want it! Implement Infusionsoft.†¨ Goal achieved. My e-lists are now on Infusionsoft, as are our client communication and tracking system. Thank you to my new Infusionsoft virtual assistant, Anastasia Barre, who is just fixed our affiliate program and unsubscribe process! Serve 250 clients.†¨ Total clients for 2015 was 141, in part due to changes in the number of clients coming to me through my e-book. I also had some personal challenges that slowed things down over the summer and fall, but business picked back up nicely at the end of the year. I’m keeping this goal for 2016. Publish a print version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile.†¨ Done! Yay! Next step is to market the book. Implement a robust referral program. This project has been on hold with all the activity around Infusionsoft and my website, but people who refer paying clients to The Essay Expert can expect a gift from us! And I’m going to look at making the program more consistent in 2016. Increase college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of business. †¨I upped  my number of admissions consulting clients from last year, but still have not reached this goal. I realized that one thing stopping me was that I did not feel I had a good consultant in place to serve these clients. Recently I did bring on a consultant, a Yale alumna who is perfect for working with college applicants, so I feel more confident in marketing this service! I have a few resume writers sending me clients and I just got contacted by someone in China who might also be a source of referrals. I will continue to work on this one! Create more internal systems/guidelines. I have made progress in this area, adding and clarifying items in my agreements with my writers and also revamping some of the terms of service for clients. This is an ongoing project and will never end! It’s clear that the resolutions where I made the most progress were the ones where I took the most action. Are you finding the same thing as you look back at your resolutions from the beginning of last year? Here’s what I’ll be up to in 2016: Infuse my WHY statement throughout The Essay Expert’s website. †¨I learned from Paul Dunn, in a talk he gave to a group of ActionCOACH clients in Madison, that the more I can communicate my WHY to potential clients, the more they will respond to what I offer. I’ve put my WHY statement on my new homepage at TheEssayExpert.com. It reads: At The Essay Expert, we don’t go to bed until we know we’ve captured your essence on paper. That’s what gets each one of us up in the morning, because that’s what will excite the right company or school about you. Not the person next to you. Not a list of bullet points. You. I will be looking for ways to communicate this WHY on my services page and every page of my site. Provide better information on services on my site.†¨ I’ve heard from many people that they would more easily accessible information about each of my services and how it works. I’ll be working on putting more valuable information on my website in 2016! Serve 250 clients.†¨ I still believe this number  is achievable and I’m going for it! Publish 2 new editions of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile.†¨ I just published the 12th edition of the book and expect to release 2 more updates by the time 2016 is done. Get How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile in front of colleges and universities. If anyone has ideas on how to do this for low or no cost, please let me know! I think if college bookstores and career centers knew about my book, they’d want to make sure to have copies on their shelves. Increase college essay / personal statement portion of my business to 25% of business.†¨ Yep I’m still gonna go after this one! Find an editor to do some of the editing of resumes and LinkedIn profiles that I’m currently doing. Doing all the editing at The Essay Expert limits the number of clients we can serve, so I’m looking for someone to take over the bulk of the editing work for resume and LinkedIn projects. I’m already taking action on this goal and am reaching out to some promising candidates. If you know someone you think would be a great match, please send them my way! (Note I used the singular â€Å"they† in that sentence, which has been voted the Word of the Year by the American Dialect Society!) Have you chosen your goals for 2016? As you refine them, remember you don’t have to change everything. John Maxwell reminds us that if you pick the areas you want to get control of or change, and if you give intentionality even an hour a day, you will get results. Let’s get intentional together for 2016 and grow our intentional-living muscle! Who’s in? Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinJanuary 11, 2016 1 Comment Vladimir Starov says: January 15, 2016 at 4:14 am Congratulations on your 2015 achievements, very impressive!! And best of luck for 2016!!! Log in to Reply

Personal statement for sports management graduates school

For sports management graduates school - Personal Statement Example Further, I understand that to become a sports manager, I must have the understanding of how to work with team’s budgets and with the individuals involved, ultimately making the team a success. Some professionals engage in sports as their livelihood sources. Other individuals use it merely as a hobby, but they still require effective management to get the best of it. I take into consideration the role of sports and sports management in both the professional and social dimensions. Evidently, sports organization requires qualified professionals who can meet all the different goals and aspiration. These qualified personnel can only come from educational training of specialists in the field. The current growth in the field of sports is so tremendous that it surpasses the availability of qualified professionals for its management. General management studies are important in facilitating the cultivation of leadership qualities and creation of future managers. The field of sports is rapidly shaping into the professional and more corporate look as opposed to the traditional leisure and social dimension, which has been its face for centuries. Management studies are, therefore, important not only to create good managers in the fields, but also to enhance effective management in the rapidly changing corporate world. In one’s aspiration to become a sports manager, it is necessary to equip him or her with management skills from a reputed institution in order to effectively survive and make impact in the competitive environment characterised by globalization and ever-evolving technologies. With a well-designed sports management course, the West Virginia University of Sports Management is my choice in chasing the dream of developing a successful career in sports management. This is very important in enhancing sporting businesses to create excellent sporting facilities, in which all

TERMINAL 5 HEATHROW AIRPORT Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

TERMINAL 5 HEATHROW AIRPORT - Case Study Example that is normally associated with systems failure, human error as well as insufficient controls and procedures during business related transactions as well as the negative effects on reputation brought about by the inability to correctly implement the processing. (Loader, 2007) This risk can also be further subdivided into technology risk, operations risk, malicious risk, regulatory risk as well as reporting risk. The number of airline passengers as increasing globally at a rate of 5%. (IATA, 2008)This means that volume of baggage is also fast increasing at roughly the same rate. This will undoubtedly pose new challenges to many airline companies as well as airports. With baggage volumes and traffic ever increasing, this leads to stiffer security regulations as well as increases in cost pressures year after year. Due to these factors, baggage has become a much more critical factor before, during as well as after flights. This means that identification of baggage has to be reliable, accurate as well as economical in the long term. Several solutions and innovations have been introduced for this purpose like the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) that is in the UHF range that offers the advantage of contact less writing as well as reading of bags tags. The terminal makes use of a system that has been manufactures by the Vanderlande industries. The aviation industry ships around two billion bags annually and the costs that the industry has to pay due to mishandles bags currently stands at about U.S$ 3.7 billion per year. This however excludes the costs due to delayed flights, refunds of the passengers’ parking fees that were necessitated by baggage delayed flights. If these were factored in, the costs would increase to more than US$4 billion annually. In the list of customer complaints, baggage problems are ranked as the second most common complaint. (U.S Department of Transportation, 2006) This therefore means it has a very significant impact on customer

Coffee and Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Essay How Did Starbucks Become an Icon of America Pop Culture? â€Å"Coffee† is a high frequency word in people’s lives. Students like to read books with sunshine and a cup of coffee. Professors like to walk into their classrooms to start their first class with cups of coffee in hand. People usually drink coffee with their breakfast. Most fast food breakfast meals, such as McDonald’s, include a cup of coffee. A cup of coffee in the morning can give people an energetic and fresh day. â€Å"Americans really do like coffee. † This saying comes from a video called The History of Coffee Culture in America. Coffee culture is profound in America. Most American people love coffee not only because coffee culture is popular and cool, but also because it tastes good. Americans already had adapted well to let coffee become a part of their lives. When the topic comes to coffee, people always think of Starbucks because it is different from other coffee stores. It has customized service, superior taste, a wide range of options, and unique packaging and ideals. As time goes on, Starbucks more and more approaches people’s lives and becomes an important part of the coffee culture in America, even in the whole world. Now, the Starbucks brand has become a part of pop culture in this 2 wang century. It uses a superior product, unique principles and attractive designs to make an ordinary coffee shop become special and exceptional. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world (Starbucks). It had 10,924 stores in the United States in 2012, and the company has been expanding and growing quickly in the two years since (Starbucks Company Statistics). The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington, on March 30, 1971, by three partners who met while they were students (Starbucks). People always think the Starbucks green logo is Heather Graham holding up two striped bass, but the symbol actually means obsession, addiction and death. People may not realize that the woman in their green label with twin fishtails is a siren from Greek mythology. She was chosen as the logo because Starbucks was looking for a nautical theme to capture the spirit of Seattle (7 Horrifying). Maybe people will ask, then why is Starbucks called â€Å"Starbucks†? The name â€Å"Starbucks† is not picked randomly by the originator, it actually means a lot. It is nothing to do with the logo and product. Actually â€Å"Starbucks† is a person’s name. In a famous novel called Moby Dick, the whaler â€Å"Pequod† has a first-mate who loves coffee very much. His name is Starbucks. The book Pour Your Heart Into It-How Starbucks Built A Company One Cup at a Time is written by Howard Schultz. He is Starbucks’ chairman. He thought the name â€Å"Starbucks† reminds people of the sea adventure stories and histories about coffee merchant travel around the world to find high quality coffee beans (Dori Jones Yang). The originators actually expected a lot from this name and this company from the beginning. 3 wang. Thefirstandalsothemostimportanttraitforasuccessfulbusinessisasuperior product. They are committed to buying and serving high-quality coffee to keep the pure taste. Starbucks’ coffee beans mainly come from Costa Rica and Asia. They have strict management system to control the quality of coffee beans and other products. That is why Starbucks can keep purity of their coffee (Starbucks). GreatvarietyisanotherreasonpeoplepreferStarbucks. Ithastonsofflavorsof coffees. They also have a secret menu, which not a lot of people know. People also can design their own coffee in Starbucks App. Starbucks also has special coffee for each season even special events, such as pumpkin flavor drinks for Halloween. â€Å"Starbucks up to now is not just a coffee maker. It actually only makes coffee-flavored drinks,† a Starbucks’ marketing manager said in a promotion video. They are professionals at making coffee drinks, and firstly they have to learn how to make it right. Legend is one of the originators; he went to Italy-the birth of coffee-to visit for a few months before they started the business. Starbucksalsohaveauniqueideaabouthowtosealcoffeethathascreativenew practices around the country. They uses Italian words for the cup size such as â€Å"Grande† for medium, not only to demonstrate that they are professional, but also to give people a feeling that it is cool and fashionable. Even though people do not think â€Å"Grande† can prove this coffee store is professional, it will still give people a feeling that they are special. Starbucks does not give much advance publicity, and they do not have a lot of 4 wang posters, but the few posters they have are concise and specific. The main idea of the poster is to express that coffee is equal to energy. The â€Å"Morning† set of posters tells people they need caffeine to make the day full of energy. An energetic day sounds attractive, so Starbucks’ use of people’s desire to have â€Å"an energetic day† encourages people to buy coffee. Starbucks also has another feature. They are not the same as other coffee stores, which encourage people to drink slowly and enjoy the coffee. On the contrary, they make â€Å"fast coffee. † Starbucks has a drive-thru, which is the principle for fast food. Fast coffee attracts different customer groups than other coffee stores. â€Å"Fast coffee† is more suitable for office workers, administrative workers, students, teachers, etc. who are adapting to the fast paced life. They are not poor and they do not have time to sit down and enjoy coffee in the coffee store, so Starbucks is absolutely suitable for them. These kinds of customers account for the vast majority of people. The totally different principles make Starbucks become a totally different coffee store, standing out and becoming a leader of the whole coffee market. The huge customer base makes Starbucks become a part of the coffee culture, not a small coffee company any more. The huge customer group also gives this logo special definition, which is fashionable and cool. People have group psychology, which means people usually are interested in the activities that other people are doing. For example, if 90% of one’s friends like to eat â€Å"pepperoni pizza† for lunch, then that person must want to try it, unless he/she hates pizza. The Starbucks image is another feature. Not a lot of coffee stores write the 5 wang customer’s name on their cup. That is interesting and makes the customer feel special. Starbucks’ special management philosophy and principle make it special enough to make people talk about it and want to become a part of pop culture, too. Thereisanoldsentence,â€Å"Firstimpressionsareveryimportant. †Thedesignand appearance are the first impression that Starbucks gives to customers. So the attractive design is also an important reason why Starbucks has become a part of pop culture in this century. The first important design is the logo, which is the â€Å"enchantress† from the Greek mythology. It gives customers a feeling of mystery, pretty and decorative. The outstanding logo makes their products attractive. Starbucks sells their â€Å"Starbucks China Cups† for not a low price, but still a lot of people want to buy it. The main reason is they are pretty, and people do not think cups with a Starbucks’ logo are ugly. The second reason, of course, people think Starbucks is cool and popular. It is a symbol of fashion. A wide range of options and attractive design makes Starbucks products become more and more welcome. Not only the pretty logo and the products, the gift card is another highlight of attractive design. Most big companies or stores have their own special gift card, but Starbucks has many. They have tons of different design gift cards each year, for different seasons, special festivals, birthdays, birth and graduates. Their pretty designs and special meaning made them popular. Starbucks is popular,but customershave topay forit. Starbucks’ averageprice for coffee ruled higher than other coffee stores. A tall latte in Starbucks is $3. 00 without tax. 6 wang In McDonald’s it is only $1. 99, and in Dunkin Donuts it is only $1. 69 (Yahoo Answers). Thus it can be seen that Starbucks goes far beyond the average price. If people want to enjoy high quality coffee or catch up with fashions, people have to pay more money. Different company usually has different consumer orientation. High-level consumer group usually do not care about a few dollars. They only care about the quality and how easy and fast it is. Actually that group of people is in the minority. Most people care about a few dollars, especially people who loves coffee. Spend few more dollars on each cup of coffee is actually a huge number of money. People have to face a trade-off. Want to catch up with fashions or improve the status? Then pay more money first. NoonecandenythepopularityofStarbucks. Itusesitsspecialdesigntocatch customers’ eyes, such as their representative logo and their special design cups. Then they use excellent products and unique taste to keep customers coming back. Finally uses people’s group psychology and the strong principle to make themselves to became a part of popular culture, not only a coffee shop. Now, Starbucks is a trend. It is expensive, but still a lot people chase after it. Work Cited Coffee Culture. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. 7 wang Curtasu, Matei. Starbucks Good Morning! Good Morning! Behance. Behance, 11 July 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. Starbucks Company Statistics. Statistic Brain RSS. Starbucks Company Statistics, 12 Aug. 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. Starbucks Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Sept. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. The History of Coffee Culture in America. History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. Why is Starbucks coffee so expensive? Coffee isnt worth five bucks! Blinkie dot org. 5 Nov. 2012. Blinkie dot org. 30 Apr. 2014 Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n. d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. 7 Horrifying Historical Origins of Famous Corporate Logos. Cracked. com. Cracked, 16 Feb. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.

Legislation and the Teaching Occupation Essay -- Education Classroom

Legislation and the Teaching Occupation Legislation affects all aspects of the educational environment. Legislation controls teaching credentials, funds allotted for teaching supplies, general public school operation, and curriculum. In turn, the educational environment affects the capabilities of a teacher. Senators and assembly members have made numerous amendments over time to the laws that they have created. Such changes greatly shape the abilities of teachers to teach their students. Teachers must first obtain teaching credentials that relate within their field of experience. Legislation deals with the procedures that teacher candidates must pass in order to receive their credentials. When these teacher candidates become teachers, they have to work with the budget that is allotted to the programs that they teach. The budget also shapes low performing schools, the amount of money that is designated to students planning to pursue a teaching career, and also class size reduction. The state legislatures places many restrictions on the measures that teachers may take to control pupil conduct, while holding teachers liable for anything that goes wrong regarding their students. As a result, teachers are unable to function to the fullest extent of their capabilities due to the fact that all their classroom decisions are hampered by the fear of being held liable. Though local policy makers make the final decision regarding curriculum, influences come from many sources, such as bookmakers, legislators, and even the national government. Teaching Credentials Teaching Credentials focus on the procedures that a teacher applicant must adhere to prior to receiving their credentials. This category primarily... ...l levels. Conclusion The literature compiled consists of sources dating from 1969 to the present. Due to the broad nature of legislation with regards to education, the sources cited focus on particular aspects of the topic. Teacher certification determines the quality of teachers in the workforce. Budget issues decide where funds are distributed, and without proper funds teachers cannot effectively teach. General school operation focuses on the teaching environment. Without the proper environment, the education process suffers. More and more, legislators are taking a part in the shaping of curriculum. If teachers are given restrictive curriculum rules, it stifles their ability to creatively approach different teaching situations. These topics are major influences on the teaching profession, and can affect teachers’ ability to instruct their students.

Christian family Essay

The authors of several books are celebrated for the different artistic works that they produce. In their real lives, not it is everything can however be celebrated. This is because some have undergone a hard time throughout their lives. Some have gone to the extent of committing suicide so as to end the problems in their lives. Sylvia Plath and Emily Dickenson are good examples of authors who have faced a hard life and who used their writing works to express their feelings. They have undergone through a hell of life by losing their parents and enduring the extramarital affairs of their husbands as well as degenerative diseases in their late life. Further, they have manifested some similarity in their early lives because they were all brought up in a Christian family. They also had a desire to learn, an aspect that made them achievers in developing artworks. Plath and Dickenson had very tragic and troubled lives. To start with, Dickenson was born during the month of December 1830 in Amherst community. She was the second daughter of Edward Dickenson. Throughout her life, her mother was not accessible emotionally and this absence caused Dickenson to depict some eccentricity. Being born in a Christian tradition, she was forced to espouse her father’s religious beliefs without any argument. These are some of the things that came to be challenges in Dickenson’s late life as is evident through her poetry. Her family was very popular in Amherst with her father being a lawyer who made that family to enjoy immense popularity and excitement. Dickenson did not enjoy this; instead, she withdrew (Paul). When her father realized that she had a problem with his Christian religion he began to censor the books that she was reading because of their potential of drawing her away from faith. In her early life, she was silent and shy; she used to depreciate in the presence of strangers. Dickenson was very successful in college but after her life in seminary in 1848, she began her life of seclusion. The culmination of these problems made her life miserable. To add to her tragic life, she was never married although she had significant relationships which did not however work out. She lived in a private society and she could refuse to see certain people who paid her a visit. It may sound very sad that by the time she was twenty years, she had no extended exposure to the world which was outside her home. She started authoring her poetry as a way of expressing how her life was and how she hated some of her friends and family pressures. It was so unfortunate that Dickenson’s late life was full of mourning because of several deaths that occurred during a time frame of a few years. Her father died in 1874, her brother died in 1878, her mother died in 1882, and her nephew in 1883 (Burt 110). Due to these deaths, her speculations for poetry started to come to a halt in 1884 whereby she suffered her first attack of one of her terminal illnesses such as hypertension. The whole of 1885, she was bedridden and on May 1886 she took her last breath. She lived in solitude and had a very boring life that was full of tragedies and problems. On the other hand, Plath had several problems which made her life miserable. To start with, she was born during the time of The Great Depression when the nation was being faced with severe economic problems. Secondly, when she was only eight years old her father died from complications following a foot amputation due to untreated diabetes. This event introduced a lot of pain in Plath’s life because her father had refused any treatment because his friend had died. It impacted negatively in her life because she lost her Christian values that her father had instilled in her. She enrolled at Smith College – a place where she broke her leg when she was skiing. She had a great desire to learn and she had so many trophies because of her art in poetry when she was eight years only. Her leg made her to lose confidence in herself and her life in general. This made her to make her first suicide attempt when she took an overdose of sleeping pills after she crawled under her house. After this incident, she was taken to a mental institution where she received treatment. To add to her problems, during her marriage, her husband – Hughes – had an affair with Plath’s best friend, Assia Wevill. She had earlier experienced an accident which many people belief was another suicide attempt. Plath was faced with many problems which resulted to depression and finally, she committed suicide, thus killing herself together with her two children in an inferno of gas which she lit. This was the same way through which that her friend – Assia – had committed suicide earlier. We can thus argue that Plath’s life was full of tragic incidences which made her to think of killing herself. Plath and Dickenson were authors of poems and novels and in their work they used their real life details as the raw materials. Before Dickenson died, she had written over 2000 poems. Most of her poetic work was discovered by her sister in a bag after her death. Further, a great deal of her poetic work reflected most of the tragedies that she had passed through. For example, Most of her poems talk about death – which is a major aspect that made her life miserable by taking her loved ones. To illustrate, in the â€Å"Because I could not stop death† poetry, Plath personifies death as a gentleman. In the first line, she states that since she was not in a position to stop death, it will kindly stop her, meaning that she was preparing to meet her death. There are various themes that she explored through the poems. To start with, she used love as a theme. She employed this concept to explain the situation that she was in because she was never married. Secondly, despair was another theme that she used in her poems. One can argue that she did this to express the despair that she had faced in her tragic life. Her poems – which she wrote while she was in the seminary – show her tendencies in her academic years. The prominent themes include the hard time that she faced trying to maintain close family ties, her preference for solitude over society, her intellectual curiosity, and her hesitation to accept Christianity in a manner that her family and friends wanted On the other hand, Plath described her tragic life indirectly in her poems and books. She used her life details as the raw materials for her art work. After the death of her father, Plath was a frequent caller at her father’s grave and this prompted her to write â€Å"Electra on Azalea Path,† which is a poem that described the memorable moments of her father’s life (Horvath 61). Conversely, Plath pointed out her idea of committing suicide through her various poetic works. She wrote a book named â€Å"The Bell Jar,† which is a semi-autographical work describing her entire life. She used the â€Å"Fig Tree† as an analogy; a ripe fruit represented her intended future. She also used a woman who is ready to â€Å"Learn German† but is haunted by her past. This shows that Plath did not like her past and the only way to show this was by putting it through poems and books In conclusion, the lives of these two authors were full of similar tragedies. They were both rebellious to the Christian religion and to the efforts of their friends and family in forcing them into it. They have used poetry to describe the lives that they have lived and the injustices that they have faced in their entire lives. They died being heroes of poetry even though they were not aware. In their poetic work, these two women were similar in the fact that they used examples of repressed women who have been able to write their work in poetry and other writings. This was despite the fact that the society did not give a chance for women to do so. Both have manifested themselves as people who are not destroyed by the repression of the male-dominated society. The main difference between them is the time in which they started to write. Dickenson started writing after her twenties whereas Plath started when she was very young. Works Cited Burt, Daniel S. The Biography Book: A Reader’s Guide to Nonfiction, Fictional, And Film Biographies of More Than 500 of the Most Fascinating Individuals of All Time. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. Horvath, Rita. Never Asking Why Build – Only Asking Which Tools†: Confessional Poetry And The Construction Of The Self. Andrea Pok, Hungary: Akademiai Kiado, 2005. Paul. C. Emily Dickinson’s Life. July 23, 2010. .

Music and why it should be used in schools

Music is a form of art. It is used daily in many parts of the world, different kinds for everyone. It improves focus, gives students a better mood and it helps pass the time. Even though it may create an antisocial environment listening to music with headphones in classes has more good outcomes then bad. Students minds wander, No matter what. But personally when I am listening to music and working I'm more concentrated and I work faster. A wandering mind is unhappy, most of that time it is spent focusing on the inadequacy of life; music brings you back to the present.In your classes you need to focus. And what better way to do that then when listening to music? Though it has been proven that â€Å"some students can study effectively with music playing, while others are distracted by any outside stimulus†. You would find that more students can listen and study at the same time then people that cannot study with music playing in the background. â€Å"It breaks you out of Just t hinking one way,† said Dry. Teresa Leslie, an assistant professor in the music therapy program at the University of Miami.In biological terms melodious sounds help encourage the release of dopamine in the reward area of the brain, as would eating a delicacy, looking at something appealing or smelling a pleasant aroma† said Dry. Amid Sod. That being said listening to music in the classrooms would bring a positive vibe to students as dopamine releases â€Å"good† feelings. Students who are in a better mood give the teachers they are with a better attitude, meaning that they do not deal with kids who are in a bad mood due to the fact that the dopamine did not release Into he reward section of the brain.When students have a good attitude they are more than likely to learn better. And If students learn better they will get a better grade. When students listen to music In class It passes time faster and then they will not be rushing to finish before the bell rings to go to their next class. Cons of listening to music with headphones In class are equally Important to the pros of using headphones In class. One of the cons being that It may create an antisocial classroom environment with everyone listening to their music and not participating tit their peers as often as they would If they did not use headphones.Another con would be subliminal messages In songs that the kids are unaware of, changing their way of thoughts about certain things. Also If an alarm or announcement were to go off the students would not be able to hear It as their music may be up to loud. As you can see listening to music with headphones In can benefit the students and teachers In their classroom environment, In both good and bad ways. Even If It's for certain days of the week students should be given the chance to prove how they learn with USIA.I'm not saying that they need to listen to the music constantly because they still need to pay attention to lectures or presentation s from others. And It should be Individually discussed between the student and teacher. So If It makes the loudest and most difficult student to teach be able to learn, why not try It? Music and why it should be used in schools By skeletally headphones in classes has more good outcomes then bad. Student's minds wander, kids who are in a bad mood due to the fact that the dopamine did not release into than likely to learn better.And if students learn better they will get a better grade. When students listen to music in class it passes time faster and then they will not be music with headphones in class are equally important to the pros of using headphones in class. One of the cons being that it may create an antisocial classroom environment with everyone listening to their music and not participating with their peers as often as they would if they did not use headphones. Another con would be subliminal messages in songs that the kids are unaware of, changing their ay of thoughts about certain things.Also if an alarm or announcement were to go off the students would not be able to hear it as their music may be up to loud. As you can see listening to music with headphones in can benefit the students and teachers in their classroom environment, in both good and bad ways. Even if it's for certain still need to pay attention to lectures or presentations from others. And it should be individually discussed between the student and teacher. So if it makes the loudest and most difficult student to teach be able to learn, why not try it?

The Wooing of Katherina vs. the wooing of Bianca Essay Example

The Wooing of Katherina vs. the wooing of Bianca Essay Example The Wooing of Katherina vs. the wooing of Bianca Essay The Wooing of Katherina vs. the wooing of Bianca Essay Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew Katherina is seen essentially as an uncouth, shrewish devil in the first three acts of the play. Petrucio wooing of her is virtually non-existent, and, is seen more as a taming process rather than an act of courtly wooing. In contrast with this Biancas wooing is the very picture of a romantic love affair a lonely maiden, imprisoned by her greedy father at the insistence of her devilish sister. A classic fairy tale. Katherinas wooing, or rather, her taming is portrayed through many scenes. The initial sale of Katherina by Baptista reflects and foreshadows how she is treated by all a burden. This is until Pertucio come along; he does not see her as a burden. However, nether does he see her as an ideal wife or woman. Instead, he looks upon her as a source of wealth, and, like all great fortunes, she can only be achieved with some suffering, thus resulting in the taming/wooing. Up to, and including act 3, the closest thing to which Petrucio came of wooing is the first conversation which he has with Katherina. Here, Katherina is clearly hostile. However, Pertucio correspond to her taunts and takes opposites of exactly what she means, thus degrading her, as well as making her submissive. Another example of the wooing process is when Pertucio arrives, late and dressed in rags, for his wedding day. This clearly annoyed and frustrated Katherina as well as leading her to be more humiliated. However, these were essentially not wooing processes, but rather, processes of taming. Therefore, we must conclude that there was no such wooing present between Katherina and Pertucio. Bianca, on the other hand, is courted by three gentlemen, who seek her hand both for her beauty and her womanly qualities. Therefore, when she is kept locked in her house by her father, two of her suitors disguise themselves as tutors in order to woo her. Once again, a classic fairy tale. What follows is a series of complicated wooing procedures where Bianca is clearly in control. She has both the freedom and the opportunity to pick her suitors, as all of them come from wealthy backgrounds and would be accepted by her father. In conclusion, while Katherina is simply carted away by Pertucio, who then proceeds to tame her, Biancas suitors employ a complex wooing dance in order to win her hand.

How to Ask For a Letter of Recommendation Complete Guide

How to Ask For a Letter of Recommendation Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips No groveling necessary. Asking someone to write you a letter of recommendation can feel almost as daunting as asking that special someone out to a movie. You're putting yourself out there, just hoping they like you back enough to say yes! Luckily, most of your teachers are well accustomed to writing letters of recommendation for students and are glad to support you in your academic goals. Plus, who wouldn't want to recommend you for college? You're great. To ensure your request goes as smoothly as possible, you should be thoughtful about who and how you ask. This guide will go over the steps on how to request a recommendation letter for your college applications successfully (though this guide works equally well for applications for graduate school and jobs). First, let's briefly go over what you need to know before making your request. What You Should Know Before Requesting a Recommendation Letter Before you pop the question, make sure you thoroughly understand the purpose of recommendation letters in your college applications. Along with your college essay, they should help personalize your application and tell a story about who you are as a student and person. While other parts of your application display your grades, activities, and other accomplishments, letters of recommendation can go beyond the resume and help you come to life in the eyes of admissions officers. Recommendation letters can speak to your academic potential, character traits, and personality, as well as about how you've connected with others in the school community over the past few years. Because reference letters have this important function of revealing aspects of your personality and giving insight into your character, you should choose someone who knows you well and can give specific anecdotes about you. You might also have learned through word of mouth which teachers write the strongest letters. Sometimes seasoned faculty members have written a lot of letters over the years, and may have established solid reputations with admissions officers at certain colleges. Some colleges require one teacher recommendation, while others ask for two. Most schools also require a letter of rec from your counselor.This guide will discuss how you can request strong recommendations from both your teachers and your school counselor. First and foremost, make sure to ask well in advance of your deadlines. Want to build the best possible college application, with the strongest recommendations? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Don't make your teacher feel like a hamster racing on the wheel of time. When Should You Ask for a Letter of Recommendation? The first step in requesting a letter of recommendation involves timing. Even for seasoned teachers and counselors, each individual letter takes time and thought to do well. I recommend asking your recommenders at least a month before your application deadlines. In some cases, even earlier is better. Some teachers put a cap on how many requests they take. If they have a first come, first served policy, then you should ask even earlier than a month before your deadlines so you don't miss out. A lot of teachers get inundated by the end of the semester, when they might be already busy getting exams scored and grades completed, not to mention spending time with friends and family over winter vacation. Because of this, it's a good idea to ask your recommenders early in the semester, like in September. Junior year teachers are often a good choice, because they had you recently and for a full year (whereas your senior year teachers might not know you that well yet). It can also be a good idea to ask your junior year teachers at the end of junior year, when you're fresh in their mind from being a student in their class all year (also a good idea if you have early decision deadlines). It gives them an entire summer to work on your letter. Just make sure to politely remind them a few weeks before your deadlines, if they haven't submitted your rec letter by then. Once you've figured out who you're asking and when, how can you frame your request in a positive way? First, I'll talk about how to ask a teacher and then how to ask your counselor, as the process and your relationships with these people is probably a little different. Make your request in person, so you don't end up with a letter like this. How to Ask for a Letter of Recommendation from a Teacher How are you going to approach your request? What should you say? What information do you need to give your teacher? As long as you've prepared yourself in these three aspects, you're all set to make your request. Let's break each down one at a time. How to Make Your Request In person. I highly recommend asking for your recommendation face to face. Depending on your teacher's schedule and school culture, it may be appropriate to email your teacher to set up an appointment or meeting. Asking for a letter of recommendation solely over email could be interpreted as impersonal, distant, and less mature, an impression you don't want to make in the mind of a recommender. I also wouldn't recommend asking during class time, but instead find time during a free period, after school, or whenever the teacher has free time to meet. The request may be short, but you still want to create space in case your teacher wants to further discuss your plans. What to Say While it can feel scary and vulnerable to ask a teacher for this favor, remember that teachers, especially ones that have juniors and seniors, expect this. In fact, it's part of their job description. Likely all of these teachers write letters of recommendation for students every year and want to help you succeed and continue on in your education. It may also help you to remember that a lot of teachers know what it's like to be on the other side of this process, as they usually undergo observations and evaluations every year. The best way to calm your nerves and ensure the conversation goes smoothly is to prepare what you'll say. I recommend phrasing your request simply and directly, without a lot of "ums," "likes," or "I forgot what I was about to say, so let's take a raincheck- how about next Thursday?" Something like this could work: "I really enjoyed your class. I've learned a lot from you and feel like you've gotten to know me well. I'm apply to College X for next year and would be really flattered if you could write me a strong letter of recommendation for my application(s)." Note the phrasing of astrongrecommendation. You want to make sure your teacher can write you a strong and compelling letter, not a generic one. If, worst case scenario, your teacher declines or seems hesitant, simply thank them and ask somebody else. You wouldn't want a weak letter that wouldn't help, or could even hurt, your application. You want to find a recommender who will agree to write a letter for you without reservation. If you've asked someone who knows you well and agrees to provide you with a letter of rec, then it's a good idea to share some further information with him/her. In a lot of schools, they call this a "brag sheet." The "brag sheet" isn't really about bragging, not even backdoor brags. Information to Give Your Teacher(s) First off, your teachers need to know the logistics. When are your college deadlines? How do they submit the letter of rec? In most cases, your early decision deadlines will be in October and your regular decision deadlines will be in early January. Typically, writersupload their recommendations through the Common Application or, if your school uses it, through Naviance. Beyond the requirements, I strongly advise providing your teacher with your brag sheet, or your reflections on who you are and what you value. Usually the guidance office distributes these to juniors and seniors, inviting students and parents to comment on it. The more detailed and thoughtful you are about your values, goals, and accomplishments, the more useful your brag sheet will be to the writer. While you might not be used to or all that comfortable writing about yourself, you should take the time to reflect deeply about what you care about and what experiences have been especially meaningful in your life. This will help your teacher add further dimension to your recommendation, as well as help differentiate you from other students they're writing about. In a perfect world your recommenders are bursting with fun and poignant anecdotes to share about you in their class, but in reality most teachers could use your help to complement what they plan to say. I would recommend going into your request ready with your completed brag sheet. If the teacher agrees, then you can pass it over. Be ready to have a discussion on it if the teacher wants to hear your thoughts. In addition to giving revealing insights about your character and interaction with other students, your teachers are the best authorities on your academic performance and potential. Your counselor, on the other hand, can speak more to your role in the school community and growth over your years in high school. Because your relationship with your counselor is different from that with your teachers, you may approach your recommendation request differently. How to Ask for a Letter of Recommendation from your School Counselor Almost all colleges that require recommendations want one from your school counselor. This recommendation is usually called the "secondary school report." While you can choose which teachers to ask for reference letters, you probably don't have a decision to make when it comes to the counselor letter of rec. Lots of students have the same counselor throughout their four years of high school. You also probably don't have to ask the same way you do with your teachers, as your counselor expects to write recommendation letters for all students on his or her caseload who are applying to college. With this recommendation, it's less about the request and more about how you can help your counselor write the strongest reference letter possible. In some high schools, especially big ones, students don't always get to know their counselors very well. If that's the case for you, then your brag sheet, as well as face to face meetings, is especially important for sharing who you are and what your goals are. If you have a passion for environmental biology, tell your counselor all about it. If you can't wait to join your college's newspaper and report on important events around the community, share that. The more your counselor knows about you and what sparks your interest, the more life they can breathe into your recommendation letter. Most counselors will schedule at least two college meetings with the students on their caseload, one in the spring of junior year to discuss college planning and one in the fall to talk about how your applications are going. If you're applying early action or early decision, you should let your counselor know in the spring of junior year, or at least at the very beginning of senior year. The best recommendation letters don't just use vague descriptions that could apply to anyone. They prove their assertions by relating specific stories. If you haven't had a ton of interactions with your counselor, it's especially important to include significant experiences and challenges on your brag sheet, as well as to get to know your counselor in meetings. For most schools, you can schedule a meeting with your counselor, so don't feel like you have to wait for him or her to call you down to the office. Reference letters for college are a big part of a counselor's job, and they can get especially busy with them around deadlines. Ask your counselor early and meet with him or her so you can make a strong impression, show how important your applications are to you, and jumpstart their letter writing. The more specific you are and the more you share with your counselor, the stronger and more colorful his/her recommendation letter will be. Just like with your teachers, it's up to you to tell your counselor when your deadlines are and any special requirements they need to complete. After you've spoken to your recommendations and obtained their support, what are the next steps? Next Steps After Your Recommendation Request It's always a good idea to follow up with your recommenders a week or two before your deadlines with a polite reminder. In this reminder, you could thank them again for providing you with a letter of rec, express your excitement about your future plans, and invite them to contact you if they need any more information from you. If you word it this way, then it won't feel like you're asking why they haven't uploaded their letter yet (unless they have, in which case, thank them again!). Some teachers will let you see your letter before submitting it and invite your revisions or feedback. This is totally up to the recommender, and not actually common in admissions procedures (usually letters are expected to be confidential). If your teacher doesn't offer to show it to you, I wouldn't advise pressuring her to. This could indicate that you don't trust her to write a strong letter- and if that's the case, you should ask someone else, anyway! Most letters will be submitted online, but in the rare case that your teacher wants to mail it, you should provide her with a pre-addressed, pre-stamped envelope. After all's written and submitted, write your teachers and counselor a thank you note. Once the decisions start rolling in, let them know where you got in! If you take just a few points from this article, these are the most important ones to remember. Want to build the best possible college application, with the strongest recommendations? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Key Takeaways for Recommendation Requests Ask a teacher (or two) who knows you well and in whose class you excelled. The better relationship you have with your recommender, the more insightful your recommendation letter will be. It helps if the teacher is known to be a strong writer, too! Request your reference letters in person. This adds a personal touch and shows respect. In addition to telling your recommenders your deadlines and important logistics, give them thoughtful reflections on your values, goals, and accomplishments on your brag sheet. Take time with this, as it could be a huge aid as your recommenders write your letter. Thank them for helping you apply to college, and let them know where you end up! Perhaps the most important takeaway is that letters of recommendation are important, as are the connections you have with your teachers and counselor in high school. Approach this part of your application with a plan, and express your appreciation of your recommenders' role in helping you get into college. All this commitment and goal-setting is definitely the kind of thing you could put on a brag sheet. What's Next? In order to add recommenders to the Common Application, first you have to respond to the FERPA waiver. Read all about what it means and how it affects your right to access your letters of recommendation. College admissions get more and more competitive every year, so you want to present yourself with the best application you can. Read about how to build a versatile college application here. Did you know that a couple schools ask for recommendations from peers, and some students send them along as supplements? Read the complete guide to peer recommendations here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

What historical events and issues impact contemporary political Essay

What historical events and issues impact contemporary political developments among Native Americans communities in North and South America - Essay Example The Native Americans were forced into ways of life that were common amongst those to the east. This new way of life changed the way Native Americans perceived the new comers and their experiences were not necessarily positive. Some specific historical events that impacted the Native Americans were the forcing of the Cherokee Indians to the west of North America. This event is also known as the trail of tears. â€Å"The trail of tears occurred in 1838†. (Monkeyshines 1999) This is called the trail of tears because the heartache endured by the Native Americans on their journey to the land they were forced to live in. Since the Native Americans were forced to live a way they were not accustomed to this has created a resistance that is seen to this day. â€Å"The Native Americans have trouble showing trust in political figures and this impacts any political advancement.†(Natives 2011) Historical events and issues amongst different types of peoples that consisted of negative events and issues are easily carried into modern day. These issues are carried amongst future generations and put a damper on developments. It is hard for the Native Americans to develop politically when they have so much heartache in their history. Brave Heart, Maria Yellow Horse, Josephine Chase, Jennifer Elkins, and Deborah B. Altschul. 2011. "Historical Trauma Among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: Concepts, Research, and Clinical Considerations." Journal Of Psychoactive Drugs 43, no. 4: 282-290. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23,

The Nature Of Quality And The Categories Of Quality Television Essay

The Nature Of Quality And The Categories Of Quality Television - Essay Example Value is about finances, cultural importance, and artistic importance. However, it is financial value that must first be addressed to then move towards addressing the more esoteric values. Quality is determined by who is defining the concept. Cultural changes and shifts will also affect the concept of quality. Through an exploration of the concept of family in television, as an example, an understanding of how culture is influenced by television as much as it influences the nature of programming can be understood. The categories of culture that are defined for the concept of ‘quality’ television are related to the idea that the elite determine the distribution of information, thus informing the public and formatting belief systems and cultural boundaries. In an examination of the idea of quality and relating it to the idea of categories of culture, the nature of power and information control emerges. The concept of quality television is a topic for families, social group s, and theorists. It is not often, however, a topic of interest for programmers. The first issue in trying to determine how to define quality television is through an understanding that that those most interested in quality are not necessarily those who are responsible for making television. Television is business, therefore the interests of the programmers is to find television programming that will sell, which is not always in line with what is considered high quality. Television is the business of making programs that can be made for the least amount of money in order to gain the highest profit from advertising dollars. The interest from the business end that might contribute to higher quality television would be in the realm of writers, directors, creators and producers. McCabe and Akass quote Robin Nelson for having stated that â€Å"notions of quality are ‘an open narrative of the broad cultural and institutional context of the evaluation and the valuer, rather than a c losed resolution answering the question of worth for all time† (McCabe and Akass, 4). Quality is a question of fashion as much as it is a question of culture. The nature of a piece of ‘art’ is considered of high quality only because society has determined that it represents a notion of quality. Quality means different things to different sectors of society. The very concept of quality cannot be determined through an overall sense of the idea as each individual provides their own framework of quality. According to Friske and Jenkins, the differences between quality as determined by the bourgeoisie and that of the elite, the concept of quality is determined through different criteria. Quality is relevant, to the bourgeoisie, through its functionality. Therefore, in trying to understand the nature of quality, the concept of relevance must be determined. The defining concept of relevance lays within â€Å" A consensus of what is high quality can be reached through a determinant of what is valued. Relevance is a way in which quality is determined and judged as it is â€Å"activated in the specifics of each moment of reading: unlike aesthetics, relevance is time – and place bound† (Fiske and Jenkins, 103). It might be determined, then that the way in which quality is discovered is through an understanding of its relevance to time and space, the way in which it fits into the greater scheme of cultural meanings. Quality is a custom, rather than a specific identifiable quantity. To determine quality is to associate it to how something functions within the dynamics that are relevant during a time period. This is specifically relevant to the nature of television as most programs have a very small, finite time in

What's the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Essay

What's the difference between Financial Accounting and Management Accounting - Essay Example While management accounting is largely implemented for individuals working within the organization, financial accounting generally functions for external entities. In terms of financial accounting there are a number of specific considerations. Although law does not require management accounting, financial accounting is a necessity for organizations. The requirements for corporations to keep financial accounting records is a large consideration, as recent Dodd-Frank regulation has necessitated that expensive accounting measures be kept to ensure that accurate records are established. Within this spectrum of understanding financial accounting is further distinguished, as it requires an external review by a certified public accountant (CPA). It follows that external stakeholders use financial accounting. Generally these external stakeholders implement financial accounting reports as a means of making investment decisions, as the financials of a company are the primary determinant of equ ity value. In addition to management accounting being for individuals within the organization and financial accounting being for external stakeholders, there are a number of further differentiating factors between these forms of accounting. While financial accounting necessarily involves the entire organization, oftentimes management accounting is implemented for significant sectors of the business or corporation. This division is such that it creates significant structural divisions between these forms of accounting. While the structure of financial accounting is regulated by the Internal Revenue Service and accounting regulations, managerial accounting is contingent only on the strategic initiatives within the organization. For instance, management accounting records may occur on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Additionally, management accounting oftentimes has a strategic angle, as it allows internal officers examine the

Concept of internal marketing

Concept of internal marketing The concept of internal marketing The concept of internal marketing is a tool that companies use within their workforce to communicate with their employees. Many company owners and authors of internal marketing believe this concept is as important to a companys survival as external marketing (communicating to customers). When communicating to employees this involves the communications of â€Å"corporate culture and goals, mission and vision statements, as well as personnel policies and procedures†. http://www.bnet.com/2410-13237_23-168356.html Internal marketing was introduced in the mid 1970s. This was initiated so companies could use the concept as a way of achieving consistent service quality. Internal marketing became known in the service marketing industry. The objective of this concept was to get a more improved performance from the employees who regularly dealt with customers. Although this concept began within the service marketing it has now broadened beyond and is included in many other companies and organisations. Ahmed and Rafiq authors of the book Internal Marketing: Tools and concepts for customer-focused management suggest that authors have many definitions of internal marketing and from studying the literature they have highlighted 5 main elements of the concept; Employee motivation and satisfaction Customer orientation and customer satisfaction Inter-functional co-ordination and integration Marketing-like approach to the above Implementation of specific corporate or functional strategies Employee motivation is a significant element of the concept, for many authors understand this to be the essence of what internal marketing to be. An employees attitude towards their own work place is believed to directly influence the value of the customer service that is given to consumers. This was summarised by Kusluvan (2003) â€Å"Internal marketing efforts are assumed to result in employee satisfaction, job involvement, work motivation, employee commitment, maximum employee effort on behalf of the organizations and customers, increased job performance, service-oriented behaviours and lower turnover which, in turn should improve service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty† Kusluvan, S (2003) pg:42. There are many other definitions of internal marketing. Ahmed and Rafiq argue that the span of understanding about internal marketing from other authors is huge but vague in its limitations. One of the earlier studies by the author Berry, L (1974) believed that â€Å"effective internal marketing, which would contribute to effective marketing would require financially rewarding personnel, management commitment to sales training and self-development revision of personnel transfer policies and a redefinition of management in terms of helping people to achieve through work† (p.13). Berry along with Pasuraman (1991) later added another definition to the concept in their book Marketing services: Competing Through Quality by stating â€Å"Internal marketing is attracting, developing, motivating and retaining qualified employees through job-products that satisfy their needs. Internal marketing is the philosophy of treating employees as customers and it is the strategy of shaping job -products to fit human needs† (pg 26). These authors believed that there was a set of principles to treating employees fairly and motivating them. They also highlighted the belief that employee satisfaction was an important element of internal marketing. The definition by these authors stress the importance that employee satisfaction is needed in order to develop, motivate and retain the best and most qualified employees. From these two definitions given by Barry you can understand that the concept of internal marketing is a broad notion. The American Marketing Association have given a more simplistic and modern definition for the concept â€Å"marketing to employees of an organization to ensure that they are effectively carrying out desired programs and policies†. This definition doesnt give readers a breadth understanding of the concept. Unlike Berrys (1991) definition it doesnt justify how internal marketing can be achieved in the workplace and it also doesnt explain the ways in which employees are to be marketed to ensure the work carried out by them is effective and of a good standard. An important element of internal marketing as said earlier is motivation [motivating the work force]. Considered by many authors as the ‘grandfather of all definitions on internal marketing Grà ¶nroos (1994) created a definition which saw the efforts of motivating employees as very important. Grà ¶nroos had two previous definitions both created in 1981 which suggests that internal marketing is the selling of the firm to employees who are seen as the internal customers. Grà ¶nroos believed that â€Å"the higher employee satisfaction that will result will make it possible to develop a more customer-focused and market-oriented firm† (Cahill, 1996, p.4). Grà ¶nroos 1994 article looks into motivation and states that â€Å"the internal market of employees is best motivated for service mindedness and customer-oriented performance by an active, marketing-like approach, where a variety of activities are used internally in an active, marketing like and coordinated way† (Grà ¶nroos, 1994, p. 13). This definition, as well as Johnson and Seymours (1985) definition which explains internal marketing should â€Å"create an internal environment which supports customer consciousness and sales-mindedness†. Both definitions highlight the fact that internal marketing is about the service and sales mindedness of the customers. There are other recent definitions of the concept of internal marketing by Ballantyne (2000) which suggests that internal marketing â€Å"is a strategy for developing relationships between staff across internal organisational boundaries. This is done so that staff autonomy and know-how may combine in opening up knowledge generating processes that challenge any internal activities that need to be changed. The purpose of this activity is to enhance quality of external marketing relationships† (pg: 43). This definition emphasises the importance of the relationship between the staff and the organisation and how internal marketing is a strategy that will allow this relationship to become stronger. It also highlights the fact that building on the relationship can enhance the service quality and also their relationship with their external markets. To evaluate how affective internal marketing is with employees companies usually give staff seasonal or yearly surveys which they will us e to measure the affects of their internal marketing efforts. There are many answers to what can actually make a successful company. Some may say its the companys ability to adapt to the market or even a companys high level of customer retention and many believe successful companies are created from within the organisation. Communicating internally but affectively to your internal market (employees) many authors believe is an important attribute for company success, An article written in 2007 about the importance of internal marketing suggested thatâ€Å"Internal communications is traditionally viewed as the sole province of the Human Resources department,† and the article continued by stressing the importance that employees have over effective external marketing â€Å"When employees understand and commit to the value proposition of the company and its brands, external marketing becomes more effective, because the employees become product champions†. As the pace of the economy is fast changing and the recent recession has affected many companys survival, internal marketing grows increasingly important. Due to the recession and the increasing pace of change in the workforce, there has been news of many companys creating alliances with one another, merging with one another and also downsizing as a whole. During these hard times employee motivation is extremely important, especially if every employee is understandably beginning to have concerns about their own companys survival or their current job position. Organisations must instil within these employees some sort of strength and satisfaction that would mean that the employees would continue working and at a good level. Generally, a strategy that many companies use and one which coincides with Ballantynes (2000) definition is that companies â€Å"empower staff to build stronger customer relationship†. Internal marketing supports this strategy (or theory some might say) and suggests that through staff empowerment employees will drive for better understanding, they will have a deeper commitment to the relationship they hold with the organisation and as a result there will be greater involvement from the staff. While todays diverse work force becomes more complicated there are a few barriers which can possibly affect how internal marketing is kept within an organisation. In the book Internal marketing: directions for management, Varey R and Lewis B explain these barriers. The first and probably the most important barrier would be the employees and an organisations ‘resistance to change. Kotler (1990) believed that problems can occur from an organisations ‘built-in â€Å"resistance of management to change† (Percy and Morgan 1990). Managers often do not consider new ideas brought about their company, and this is because a change in the work place can bring forth an overall fear of concern about their job and future positions. Other barriers to internal marketing are ‘inter and intra functional conflict. Inter-functional conflicts often occur when a senior managers assumption of their organisational culture is ill-advised and as a consequence managers may become unaware of the issues and problems which affect prolific activities or â€Å"co-operation and integration† (pg: 78). Intra-functional conflicts are basically when one internal function fails to recognise another internal function. Intra-functional conflicts on the other hand are where the goals and objectives of the organisation and its departments are different to the individual and personal goals of employees. â€Å"It occurs because individuals have different goal, desires and ambitions, and will be submerged in different social spheres of interaction that will impact upon their overall attitude and behaviour†. (Pg: 79) If ever these barriers work in cohesion then it can spell big trouble for any organisation. Although the three chosen are seem as the major barriers affecting the use of internal marketing within an organisation there are also a few other problems which can affect successful implementation of the concept. 1, managerial incompetence 2, poor understand of the internal marketing concept 3, rigid organisational structure and 4, top members of staff treating employees like they are unimportant to the business. Anon (2007) Internal Marketing Kotler P, Bowen J and Makens J (2003) have stated 5 importances of internal marketing; Employees must have a customer service attitude Employees must understand your product Employees must be enthused about your product and your company There must be good communication between employees and management Employees must be able to identify and solve customer problems Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism 3e (2003) Generally employees of organisations, especially those who communicate directly with customers can have an influence on customer satisfaction. The authors suggest that these are 5 important features of internal marketing and in order for it to be affective organisations must aide in ensuring that employees behave in a desired manner expected of them from the organisation. Internal market in todays industry is needed because as Berry L Pasuraman A (1991) stated it serves as a â€Å"managerial philosophy† that a company deploys on to employees that in turn would teach the employees how to maintain good high standard of affective customer service. Within organisations employees are recognised as a major part of the capabilities that service organisations produce. â€Å"The popular view is that employees constitute an internal market in which paid labour is exchanged for designated outputs.† Fill C (2009) pg: 895. Fill suggests if the objective of an organisations internal market is kept then employees will reap the benefits through paid labour. Kotler P, Bowen J and Makens J (2003) have proposed that these are the four objectives of internal marketing; To ensure that employees are motivated for customer-oriented and service-minded performance. To retain good employees. To increase customer satisfaction To increase profitability Some may argue that the main objective of internal marketing is to retain suitable and efficient employee personnel. As a means of retaining these ideal employees, organisations develop motivated and customer-conscious staff which while working simultaneously and cohesively can work towards achieving absolute customer satisfaction. There is a philosophy in internal marketing that every action made within the organisation is oriented towards this sole purpose. As times and the economy change so would the process of internal marketing. The model above shows four steps of internal marketing. Some authors believe this model to be too vague and feel that the complexity of the internal market or many organisations cannot be met by four simple steps. Grà ¶nroos (1996) believes â€Å"The internal marketing process is not to be viewed as a process, which only moves in one direction from the top down. On the contrary, the process needs to be directed from and to every side of the organisation in order for it to be successful† As it is important that an organisations internal marketing objectives are met by its employees, an organisation will produce an internal environment that staff will need to function in to a desired way recommended to them by their company. In the article Internal Marketing (2007) it is written that there are four important areas within an organisations internal environment which are essential for the organisations internal market: Motivation Co-ordination Information Education Internal Marketing from engineer sood These four areas have come up many times in definitions by numerous authors and combined create the four objectives of internal marketing that organisational managers should be trying to reach from their employees. If these are reached then as a result the employees work would drive the profitability of the organisation to a positive and effective level. To conclude in many definitions you will read internal marketing being referred to as a concept that aims on â€Å" attracting, developing, motivating and retaining qualified employee† Berry Pasuraman (1991). In some other cases you will read that internal marketing is a philosophy whereby employees are treated as customers or even in some cases where organisations will basically teach employees a specific way of working in the work place and handling customers. Internal marketing has come a long way since it was first proposed in the service marketing industry in the 1970s. The role of marketing in general has undergone many changes. Organisations have begun networking with one another and members of organisations have begun sharing responsibilities and working as teams. Although many if not all definitions of the term ‘internal marketing can still be relevant to today, the concept in itself over the past 40 years has become one which is/will constantly change as long as the world of business changes. From a concept which first focused on supporting the consciousness and sales-mindedness of employees to one which broadens its scope and understands that the concept is much more profound and more complex to achieve good employee to customer service quality. Key words such as ‘relationships, or ‘motivate and philosophy are now being used in the more modern terms of the definition. J.N. Sheth suggests â€Å"motivation is what moves people. It is the driving force for all human behaviour or more formally, it is ‘the state of drive or arousal that impels behaviour toward a goal objective† (Sheth et al 1999). Indeed, motivating employees has continually been used by authors since the concept of internal marketing was initiated , and although motivating employees to work harder and more efficiently is seen to be very important, organisations also need to understand and create a way of making employees enjoy the work that they are doing. Content workforces which take pleasure in their work are understood to be more productive and affective, which in turn creates a better service and customer experience.Organisations must instil within these employees some sort of strength and satisfaction that would encourage the employees to continue working and at a good level. As the new age dawns many organisations have even used employees to help sell their company e.g. Halifax. Halifax adverts and many other adverts similar to this have used employees as a way of advertising to external customers about big internal changes to policies and procedures that the company may be having. You see adverts everywhere with pictures of employees holding offers or incentives from their company or maybe even different adverts where employees are actually talking to the camera. This can be seen as a form or a strategy used for internal marketing. As a good employee is as important to a company as the employer, employees may feel the need to get more involved with company actions and strategies. In the article Internal Marketing (2007) it was stated that one of the problems which could affect the successful implementation of internal marketing is the ignoring of an employees importance to the company and treating them like any other tool of the business. Companies such as The Carphone Warehouse have their own internal marketing strategy whereby they are accompanied by new employees on a weekend of training. On this expedition employees are taught how to deal with customers, they are given information about the company and objectives that the company and each individual employee are and should be trying to reach, they are taught many things about the products sold in the shops, how to deal with complaints and they are also taught ways in which they should act in the workplace (the rules and codes of conducts). Organisations which take on the strategy to market internally must have a clear and precise objective and mission. The objectives of the organisation must be very clear if it is to correspond with how managers internally market their company to employees. If objectives are clear there will be no confusion within the staff on how to do things and what to aim for. This will help the process of knowledge development of the employee by piecing together understanding and loyalty to individual development. As a personal definition of the term internal marketing one would define it as an internal culture created by the managers of an organisation. This culture allows employees to express their creativity and innovative selves to an extent where they still show responsibility and accountability. It is the selling of the ideals and objectives of the company to the employees so that they work harder towards the goal of ultimate success. Developing and motivating employees are strategies deployed to attain the best qualified staff which would allow organisations to reach set objectives. It is a concept which can be evaluated seasonally through surveys and observations of the employees. Internal marketing should be used to meet the expectations of customers, instead internal marketing should be used to exceed them.